What does "urban ecology" study?

Urban ecology focuses on the relationships between organisms and their urban environments. This field of study examines how urbanization affects various species, including plants, animals, and humans, and investigates how these organisms adapt to city life. It delves into the interactions that occur between different species within urban contexts, as well as the impact of urban structures, green spaces, and infrastructure on biodiversity and ecology.

This approach considers not only the physical aspects of the urban environment but also the social and biological factors that influence these relationships. By understanding these dynamics, urban ecologists can inform sustainable urban development, policy-making, and conservation efforts to enhance the ecological integrity of urban areas. Other options focus on specific aspects of urban development and demographics but do not address the ecological interactions central to urban ecology.