What does "territoriality" refer to in human geography?

Territoriality in human geography refers to the efforts by individuals or groups to assert control over a specific geographical area. This concept encompasses how people use space to establish claims and influence behaviors within a defined area, asserting ownership through various means, whether physical, social, or cultural. Territoriality can manifest in various forms, such as nation-states claiming boundaries, communities establishing local identities, or even informal arrangements like personal space and property rights.

Other options, while they pertain to geographical concepts, do not align with the definition of territoriality. The distribution of species relates to ecological considerations rather than human spatial behavior, patterns of human migration focus on movement rather than control of territory, and cultural practices define regional characteristics but do not inherently involve the assertion of control over a space. Thus, the concept of territoriality is distinct in its emphasis on influence and control within a given area.