What demographic characteristic is typically associated with Stage 5 of the demographic transition model?

In Stage 5 of the demographic transition model, a stable but aging population is a key demographic characteristic. This stage represents a post-industrial society where birth rates have fallen significantly and may even dip below death rates, leading to a population decline or stagnation.

As a result, the population structure starts to skew towards older age groups, reflecting the longevity and lower fertility rates typical of developed countries. This demographic shift can lead to various socio-economic challenges, such as increased healthcare costs and a shrinking workforce, as the proportion of older adults rises relative to the younger population.

The other options do not accurately describe the characteristics of Stage 5. High birth and death rates are found in earlier stages of the demographic transition, while rapid population growth and high fertility rates are characteristics of Stages 1 and 2, where developing countries experience a demographic boom.